Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a kidney c
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a kidney cancer that originates in the lining of the proximal convoluted tubule, the very small tubes in the kidney that transport GF (glomerular filtrate) from the glomerulus to the descending limb of the nephron. RCC is the most common type of kidney cancer in adults, responsible for approximately 80% of cases. It has been described as being among the most lethal of all the urological cancers,
Renal cell carcinoma may remain clinically occult for most of its course. Only 10% of patients present with the classic triad of flank pain, hematuria, and flank mass.
Other signs and symptoms include the following: • Weight loss • Fever • Hypertension • Hypercalcemia • Night sweats Lab studies used for diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma include the following: • Urine analysis (UA) • Complete blood cell (CBC) count with differential • Electrolytes • Renal profile • Liver function tests (LFTs) (aspartate aminotransferase [AST] and alanine aminotransferase [ALT]) • Calcium • Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) • Prothrombin time (PT) • Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) Diagnostic ultrasound, excretory urography, computed tomography (CT) and positron-emission tomography (PET) scanning, arteriography, venography, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are also used to evaluate and stage renal masses.
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